Ghana’s parliament has passed a wide-ranging anti-LGBTQ+ bill that introduces criminal penalties for same-sex acts and targets individuals who identify as gay, lesbian, or transgender. The legislation, sharply criticised by human rights organisations, represents one of the most restrictive laws of its kind in West Africa.
What the Law Entails
Under the new legislation, same-sex acts are punishable by custodial sentences, with provisions that also criminalise the public identification as LGBTQ+ and the promotion or advocacy of LGBTQ+ rights. Legal experts note that the bill’s broad language could potentially extend to journalists, activists, and non-governmental organisations working on human rights issues in the country.
The bill passed with substantial support in parliament, reflecting views held by many Ghanaians and bolstered by vocal backing from religious institutions — both Christian churches and Muslim organisations — which have been central to the push for the legislation over several years.
Background to the Bill
The bill, formally known as the Human Sexual Rights and Ghanaian Family Values Bill, has been in the works for several years and generated fierce debate both domestically and internationally. Proponents argue the law protects Ghanaian cultural and religious values, while opponents contend it violates fundamental human rights principles enshrined in Ghana’s own constitution.
Ghana already had colonial-era laws prohibiting “unnatural carnal knowledge.” The new bill significantly extends the reach and severity of such prohibitions.
International Reaction
The passage of the bill drew immediate international criticism. Human rights groups including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch condemned the legislation, warning it will put LGBTQ+ Ghanaians at serious risk of violence, discrimination, and state persecution. The United Nations human rights office also expressed deep concern, urging Ghanaian authorities to protect all citizens regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity.
Western governments including the United Kingdom and the United States indicated they would review their bilateral relationships with Ghana in light of the law.
Domestic Voices
Within Ghana, reactions were sharply divided. Many citizens celebrated the bill’s passage as an affirmation of national values and sovereignty. LGBTQ+ Ghanaians and their allies, however, expressed fear and anguish. Civil society organisations vowed to challenge the law through the courts, arguing that several provisions conflict with constitutional guarantees of dignity and privacy.
